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    • 专利摘要:
    The method of detecting damage to at least one bearing bearing The process of the invention comprises the steps of: acquiring over the set of a measurement period p of variation of the nth regime of the tree a current vibratory signal (vc) of a vibration engine component mechanics; sampling the signal (vc) during period p; synchronize the signal with respect to regime n variations; transforming the signal into a frequency signal to obtain frequency spectral rays ordered according to regime n; averaging the spectral ray amplitudes to obtain a current vibratory motor signature (sc); calculating a deviation rate (a) between the signature (sc) and a healthy vibratory reference signature (ss); and compare the deviation rate (a) with fault indicators from a pre-established database, relating the theoretical bearing damage to the motor to determine the potential bearing bearing damage.
    公开号:BR112012010702B1
    申请号:R112012010702-0
    申请日:2010-11-03
    公开日:2019-11-26
    发明作者:Julien Griffaton
    申请人:Snecma；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    PROCESS OF DETECTING DAMAGE AT LEAST ONE BEARING BEARING [0001] The invention relates to the domain of monitoring the wear of the motor, in particular, the wear of the bearing bearings supporting in rotation at least one rotating shaft of the motor.
    [0002] A bearing unit in an aeronautical turbomachine supports the axles of the high pressure and low pressure bodies of the turbomachinery. We distinguish the classic bearing housings supporting one axis in relation to the fixed turbomachine housing of the bearing housings supporting a first axis in relation to a second axis known under the designation inter-axis bearings.
    [0003] The rupture of the bearing bearings is liable to stop the rotation of the shaft supported by the bearing, which can cause the engine to stop completely and thus potentially endanger the lives of passengers on an aircraft on which the turbomachinery would be mounted. Following the rupture of the bearing, the residues of the latter penetrate between the different elements of the turbomachinery and this must be replaced as a whole. By detecting the wear of the bearings, it is possible to replace a damaged bearing before its rupture, which allows to increase the service life of the turbomachinery.
    [0004] To detect the wear of the bearing bearings, simple processes are known in which a vibrating signal from a gas turbine machine is measured to calculate the vibratory energy of the signal by a statistical method (method of statistical moments called the RMS method which consists of calculating the square root of the mean of the squares, etc.). Then, the vibratory energy of the signal is compared with an empirically determined threshold of detection. If the signal energy exceeds the detection threshold, wear on the bearing bearings is detected. This method is adapted only for turbomachinery used in a medium with little or no noise, for example, for the turbines of electric energy production.
    [0005] An aeronautical turbomachinery is used in an environment with strong noises (combustion noise, noise caused by aerodynamic flow, numerous harmonics of the rotation regimes of the high and low pressure axes, connected noise
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 10/38
    2/22 to imbalances, etc.). A method, as previously described, is not, therefore, adapted.
    [0006] For an aeronautical turbomachinery, a defect database is currently available, regrouping the set of damage to the bearings of an engine's bearings. This base preferably comprises the defects of all bearings in all motor bearings.
    [0007] As an example, the defect database comprises the characteristic frequencies for a defective inner ring and a defective outer ring for an inter-axis bearing bearing. In fact, if there is a defect in the surface of an outer ring of a bearing, this defect will generate a shock in each one that a rolling element will find the defect. Thus, each defect can be characterized by a theoretical frequency or a plurality of theoretical frequencies that are regrouped in the form of defect indicators, which are regrouped in the defect database.
    [0008] The frequency resulting from bearing damage is proportional to the rotation speed of the shaft or axles supported by the bearing, the frequency propagating by vibrations through the components of the turbomachinery. A detection method adapted to the aeronautical field consists of conducting a survey of the vibratory levels of the components of the turbomachinery in high operating regime. For this purpose, this process involves acquiring a vibrating signal from one or more vibration sensors that can detect vibrations from the components of the turbomachine during a complete flight cycle. The detection of a bearing bearing damage is then carried out by identifying vibratory levels above a predefined threshold for a healthy bearing and for which the same factor has been identified. One can, for example, refer to the European patent application EP 1111.364 which describes an embodiment of such a process.
    [0009] However, tests with damaged bearing bearings have shown that damage detection is not systematic with such a method. In effect, the measurements of the vibration sensors are polluted at high operating speed.
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 11/38
    3/22 turbomachinery due to the natural vibrating environment, which makes the vibratory levels characteristic of damage difficult to discern.
    [0010] On the other hand, the patent application FR 2913769 A-1 of SNECMA is known for a detection process in which a vibrating signal is measured during a renewable activity at low engine speed. This process makes it possible to detect a defect for a single bearing. In addition, the set of prior art methods is limited to detecting defects for a single type of bearing bearing for a determined stabilized regime (low or high regime). However, some of the defects appear only in high or low regimen.
    [0011] The applicant wishes to propose a universal method that can detect defects in the set of bearings, the detection method must be of rapid implementation in order to carry out a diagnosis in real time. In addition, the applicant sought to increase the accuracy of the detection in order to be able to reliably and reproducibly determine whether at least one bearing bearing is defective. [0012] For this purpose, the invention relates to a detection and damage process of at least one bearing bearing in rotation supporting at least one rotating axis of an engine, characterized by the fact that it comprises the steps consisting of:
    [0013] a) define a measurement period during which the axis speed varies between a low speed and a high speed;
    [0014] b) to acquire over the whole of the measurement period P a current vibrating signal of a mechanical vibration of engine components;
    [0015] c) sampling the current vibrating signal during the measurement period;
    [0016] d) synchronize the sampled vibratory signal in relation to variations in the axis regime over the measurement period;
    [0017] e) transform the sampled and synchronized vibratory signal into a frequency signal to obtain frequency spectral lines ordered according to the axis rotation regime;
    [0018] f) calculate the average amplitude of the spectral lines in order to obtain a current vibratory signature of the motor;
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 12/38
    4/22 [0019] g) calculate a deviation rate between the current vibratory signature of the motor and a healthy vibratory signature of reference; and [0020] h) compare the deviation rate with defect indicators from a pre-established database, relating the theoretical damage of the bearings of the motor bearings in order to determine the potential damage of the bearing.
    [0021] The invention is presented here for a measurement period during which the axis speed varies between a low speed and a high speed, but it is evident that the invention is also applicable between a lower speed and a higher speed, the important the engine speed being variable between two determined speed values. Preferably, the upper regime is a high regime and the lower regime is a low regime.
    [0022] Thanks to the invention, it is possible to measure a large number of damages over a wide range of the axis regime, some damages only appearing in certain regimes. In other words, the process of the invention makes it possible to detect any type of damage, that is, for the set of motor bearings. Accurate detection is possible by combining measurement in a variable regime, synchronizing the vibrating signal and comparing it with a healthy reference vibrational signature.
    [0023] Preferably, the healthy vibratory signature of reference is a healthy vibratory signature of the motor.
    [0024] The measured deviation rate and thus characteristic of disturbances related to bearing damage due to the fact that the healthy vibratory signature is very relevant. By comparison to a deviation rate fixed by thresholds, it is not necessary to take into account the dispersion of the thresholds depending on the engines, given that the basis for the comparison, that is, the healthy reference signature was formed for the engine on which damage detection is carried out. Detection is made to measure for the engine, which is a precision guarantee of detection.
    [0025] The healthy vibratory signature of the engine is formed by calculating an average of current vibratory signatures of the engine measured over a specific period of the engine's life, preferably at the beginning of the engine's life.
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 13/38
    5/22 [0026] Indeed, it is very likely that the best engine behavior (the healthiest) will be obtained when the first flights of the engine, these flights can thus serve as a reference.
    [0027] Preferably still, the healthy vibratory signature of the engine was previously validated by comparison to a standard family signature defined for the family of the said engine.
    [0028] This preliminary validation has the advantage of avoiding the use of a faulty signature as a reference for calculating the deviation rate.
    [0029] Preferably always, a standard family signature is formed from healthy reference signatures for engines of the same family. This advantageously allows to level the differences between the same engine family, the majority of the engines being healthy engines.
    [0030] Preferably, a set of healthy reference signatures is formed for a plurality of engines from the same family, [0031] - a family disagreement rate is calculated for each healthy reference signature by measuring the statistical deviation between the referred healthy reference signature and the other healthy reference signatures of the set, [0032] - the healthy reference signatures are removed from the set as having a rate of disagreement greater than a determined rate of disagreement, and [0033] - the standard family signature is formed from the remaining vibratory reference signatures.
    [0034] Thanks to the steps above, black sheep are eliminated from the set of reference signatures in order to keep only the reference signatures whose probability of being healthy and high.
    [0035] Preferably, a family disagreement rate is calculated for each healthy reference signature by measuring the statistical deviation between that healthy reference signature and a provisional family signature formed from the other healthy reference signatures in the set.
    [0036] According to a preferred mode of application of the invention, the process comprises, on the other hand, a step consisting of eliminating noise
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 14/38
    6/22 spectrographic according to the structural modes of the engine, the elimination of noise being performed before averaging the amplitudes of the spectral lines.
    [0037] This noise removal step allows advantageously to obtain a relevant current vibration signature deprived of disturbances.
    [0038] Preferably, synchronize the sampled vibratory signal in relation to the variations of the axis regime over the measurement period by sampling again the signal sampled at constant frequency in a signal sampled in frequency proportional to the axis regime.
    [0039] Preferably still, synchronize the sampled vibratory signal in relation to the variations of the axis regime over the measurement period by calculating an angular path curve of the axis in the order domain and projecting the current vibratory signal on said angular path curve for get a current synchronized vibrating signal.
    [0040] According to one aspect of the invention, the healthy vibratory signature of reference and a standard family signature defined for the family of said engine. Compared to an engine's own signature signature, the family signature can be easily obtained and is more easily exploitable.
    [0041] Indeed, a single family reference signature can be used for a large number of engines from the same family while the engine reference signature, that is, an individual reference signature can only be used for a single engine . In order to track the wear and tear of a plurality of engines over time, it is necessary to manage a database by regrouping the individual signatures of those engines. The family reference subscription allows you to get rid of this inconvenience.
    [0042] Preferably, the standard family signature is formed from healthy engine reference signatures from the same family. Similarly, all the stages of formation of the standard family signature previously mentioned are applicable for a comparison of a current engine signature with a family reference signature.
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 15/38
    7/22 [0043] The invention will be better understood with the help of the attached drawing in which:
    [0044] - figure 1 represents a diagram of the different process steps according to the invention for a test engine;
    [0045] - figure 2 represents the step of defining the measurement period for a vibrating signal of engine components in which:
    [0046] - curve 2a represents a measure of the axis regime during the course of time;
    [0047] - curve 2b represents a measure of the acceleration of the axis during the course of time;
    [0048] - curve 2c represents the current vibrating signal of the test engine Vc measured by an accelerometer between moments t1 and t2 defined in relation to curves 2a and 2b;
    [0049] - figure 3 represents an example of synchronization of a vibrating signal in which:
    [0050] - figure 3a represents the acceleration of the axis over the measurement period P;
    [0051] - curve 3b represents the angular travel time of the axis as a function of the number of rotations of the axis;
    [0052] - curve 3c represents the projection of a current vibrating signal Vc on curve 3b in order to obtain a synchronized Vsync current vibrating signal;
    [0053] - figure 4 represents the stage of formation of the current signature of the engine Se que:
    [0054] - curve 4a represents the current synchronized vibrating signal of the Vsync test engine;
    [0055] - diagram 4b represents an order spectrogram of the current synchronized vibrating signal of the Vsync test engine;
    [0056] - diagram 4c represents the acceleration of the rotation speed of the axis over the measurement period P;
    [0057] - scheme 4d represents the order spectrogram of scheme 4b after eliminating the noise;
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 16/38
    8/22 [0058] - curve 4e represents the current signature If calculated from the spectrogram without noise 4d;
    [0059] - figure 5 represents the steps for calculating the deviation rate in which:
    [0060] - curve 5a represents the current vibratory signature of the test engine Se; [0061] - curve 5b represents the healthy vibratory signature of the Ss test engine;
    [0062] - Table 5c represents an extract from the engine bearing defect database;
    [0063] - curve 5d represents the deviation rate between the healthy vibratory signature Ss of the test engine of curve 5b and its current Se signature of curve 5a;
    [0064] - curve 5e represents the recognition rate between the calculated deviation rate of curve 5d and the defects listed in table 5c;
    [0065] - figure 6 represents the stage of formation of reference signatures for engines of the same family from the current signatures of said engines;
    [0066] - figure 7 represents the stage of formation of the Sfam standard family signature from a plurality of Sref reference engine signatures;
    [0067] - figure 8 represents the test engine signature validation step; and [0068] - figure 9 represents the step of comparing the current signature of the test engine Se in the healthy signature of the engine Ss in order to determine the defects of the motor bearing bearings.
    [0069] Refer to figure 1 which shows the constitutive steps of a process according to the invention.
    [0070] Generally, the invention is applicable to any type of engine that has at least one rotating shaft and at least one bearing housing. These engines include, for example, aircraft gas turbine engines (called turbomachines) or helicopters, terrestrial gas turbines, gearboxes, axle engines, etc.
    [0071] The principle on which the invention is based and that the frequency resulting from the damage of the bearing is proportional to the speed of rotation of the rotary axis supported by the bearing. The hypothesis is that this frequency will be transmitted to an acceleration sensor
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 17/38
    9/22 through engine components themselves vibrant, particularly at fundamental frequencies. The present invention aims to measure a global vibrating signal comprising the defects of a plurality of bearings. In order to highlight these defects, the signal is measured during a variation of the engine speed, that is, during a variation of the rotation speeds of the axes.
    (S1) Definition of the measurement period P [0072] A first step (S1) of the process according to the invention is to define a measurement period P during which the regime of the N axis is variable. For example, the N-axis speed varies between low speed and high speed operation. Since the N speed varies greatly, the vibration signals measured are of very different nature, the same damage to a bearing having a different vibratory contribution depending on the engine speed.
    [0073] Such determination of the measurement period P is in line with current practices in the art that favored a steady state engine operation, that is, a steady state, in order to obtain variations of the same nature and thus be able to compare and identify them. The applicant chose a different path, favoring the heterogeneity of the measured vibrations in order to be able to detect a large number of damages that occur when the engine runs in variable speed.
    [0074] In addition, the applicant also chose to consider the low-regime operation as the high-regime operation while the prior art processes focused only on a narrow regime range. The methods according to the prior art needed to carry out different measures for each regime, which led to errors of interpretation and an imprecise detection of the damages when comparing the results in low and high regimes.
    [0075] By choosing such measurement period P, the applicant thus overcame a prejudice regarding the need for a stabilized functioning analysis as well as a prejudice regarding the need for an analysis in a given regime.
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 18/38
    10/22 [0076] The measurement period P is thus determined according to the rotation speed (s) of the axis during the course of time. Then, it is considered the case of the detection of a damage of a bearing with rollers of an inter-axle bearing supporting in rotation a rotary axis of the low pressure body in relation to a rotary axis of the high pressure body of the turbomachine and comprising a ring outer ring connected to the high pressure shaft and an inner ring connected to the low pressure shaft. In the case of the turbomachinery, the present invention could also be applicable to the detection of the damage of a ball bearing or roller of a bearing supporting in rotation a single rotating axis in relation to a fixed motor element.
    [0077] For the sequence of the description, N1 and N2 define the time rotation regimes of the low pressure axis and the high pressure axis of the turbomachine, respectively, which are supported by the bearing. The determination of the measurement period P consists initially in calculating the rotation regimes of the different components from, for example, tachometric probes arranged on the engine.
    [0078] The rotation regime allows to select measurement periods for suitable and reproducible operating ranges from one flight to another, which allows comparable measurements to be made for each flight. In order to detect whether the operating range is adequate, the time derivatives of the rotation regime are calculated as shown in figure 2b.
    [0079] Still preferably, the measurement period P must have a minimum duration in order to allow to carry out the later stages of the process, for example, a Fourier transform. In addition, a maximum period is foreseen in order to limit storage spaces when implementing subsequent treatment steps.
    [0080] In this embodiment, the measurement period P is determined by imposing: [0081] -a minimum threshold, corresponding to the lower regime, and a maximum threshold, corresponding to the upper regime, on the rotation regime of each axis (N1 , N2), the minimum threshold, in this example, being equal to 20% of the maximum speed of the axis and the maximum threshold corresponding to the maximum speed permissible by the machine;
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 19/38
    11/22 [0082] - a minimum threshold and a maximum threshold on those derived from the rotation regimes of each axis (N1, N2); the minimum threshold, in this example, being equal to 10% of the maximum allowable speed per minute, the maximum threshold being equal, for example, to 200% of the maximum speed per minute.
    [0083] - a minimum period (here 10 seconds) for which the precedent conditions are fulfilled and a maximum period of analysis (here 100 seconds).
    [0084] In this embodiment of the invention, with reference to figure 2, a vibrating signal current VC and measured during an acceleration of the engine speed from idle (low speed) to upper gear (high speed).
    [0085] A classic logic with determined thresholds and durations has been previously described, but it is clear that a light logic could also work. Light logic makes it possible to define acceptable P measurement periods when even all conditions are not strictly met, which reduces the limitative character of fixed thresholds, and increases the number of potential P measurement periods to perform damage detection.
    (52) Acquisition of a vibrating signal [0086] The next step (S2) consists of acquiring a vibrating signal current Vc from motor components over the entire measurement period P. This signal comes from a vibration sensor (for example, an accelerometer or a voltage calibrator) previously placed on a fixed engine component.
    (53) Sampling of a vibrating signal [0087] The current vibrating signal Vc is then sampled depending on the rotation speed N of the axis during measurement period P during a step S3. In this embodiment, the current vibrating signal Vc is sampled at a frequency of the order of a few kilohertz.
    (54) Synchronization of the vibrating signal [0088] The current vibrating signal VC is treated afterwards in an appropriate manner for the diagnosis of bearing damage. For this, a first step consists of resampling the current vibrating signal Vc according to the variations in the
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 20/38
    12/22 rotation N of the axis. These variations in the N speed of the shaft supported by the bearing correspond to the evolution of the relative rotation speed of the bearing. In other words, the vibrating signal Vc is synchronized in relation to the relative speed variation of the bearing.
    [0089] In the case of a bearing whose outer and fixed ring, joined to a fixed motor element, and of which the inner ring supports an axis, the relative speed of the bearing corresponds to the rotation speed of the axis supported by the bearing. In the case of a cogiratory inter-axis bearing, the relative speed and the difference between the rotation regimes of the two axes. For a counter-rotating inter-axis bearing, the relative speed and the sum of the rotation regimes of the two axes.
    [0090] In order to better understand the principle of synchronization of a vibrating signal Vc, the synchronization step is applied to a current vibrating signal Vc in a simple way as represented in figure 3c.
    [0091] Referring to figure 3c, a current vibrating signal Vc is measured over a measurement period P during which the relative speed of the bearing, that is, the N speed increases over time, the N-axis speed a to which the bearing is connected, increasing as shown in figure 3a, the current vibrating signal Vc having an increasingly higher frequency over time as shown in figure 3c.
    [0092] So, if you want to measure amplitudes of variation over the current vibrating signal Vc over time with a constant resolution, the current vibrating signal Vc is easily analyzed at the beginning of the measurement period P because the sine waves are spaced, while the resolution is not sufficient at the end of the measurement period P when the sine waves are close to each other, the resolution for the analysis is not sufficient. The current vibrating signal Vc is then said to be compressed at the end of measurement period P.
    [0093] This phenomenon was not present in the prior art since the measurements were carried out at a stabilized regime without varying the engine speed. The applicant's choice to carry out detection in a variable regime is in line with the prior art processes. Indeed, choosing a period of
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 21/38
    13/22 measurement in variable regime means for those skilled in the art to renounce traditional treatment processes that are only adapted for stationary signals.
    [0094] To eliminate this inconvenience, the current vibrating signal Vc is synchronized in relation to the relative speed of the bearing, in relation to the engine speed. With reference to curve 3b in figure 3, the time required to perform a rotation of the bearing is determined, curve 3b being called the angular travel curve. A bearing rotation corresponds to a rotation of the inner ring in the fixed frame of the outer ring. Curve 3b can be obtained easily by integrating the function of curve 3a representing the relative speed of the bearing in relation to time. This synchronization is in the form of a sliding modulation allowing the current signal to be divided over the measurement period P.
    [0095] Referring to figure 3c, it is sufficient then to project the current vibrating signal Vc on the angular path curve 3b to obtain a synchronized current vibrating signal Vsync whose sinuses are regularly spaced which shows that the different frequencies of the current vibrating signal Vc are no longer correlated. For the projection, a new sampling of the signal is performed, capturing regularly spaced points on the angular path curve 3b.
    [0096] Figure 3 represents an example of synchronization of a current vibrating signal Vc that can be easily transposed by the person skilled in the art to a more complex vibrating signal with an evolution of the less linear rotation regime N.
    [0097] The synchronization of a current vibrating signal Vc, measured partly at low speed and partly at high speed, depending on the relative speed of a bearing allows to facilitate the later stages of treatment as will be detailed later.
    [0098] More simply, through the synchronization operation according to the rotation regime N, a signal sampled at constant frequency was transformed into a signal sampled at a frequency proportional to the regime.
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    14/22 (S5) Editing a spectrogram [0099] The next step (S5) consists of transforming the sampled and synchronized Vsync vibratory signal into a frequency signal to obtain frequency spectral lines ordered according to the N axis rotation regime, o corresponds to editing a spectrogram ordered according to N. Such a spectrogram of orders is known to the person skilled in the art.
    [00100] As an observation, due to the synchronization of the current vibrating signal Vc, a spectrogram is obtained as in the prior art in which the current vibrating signal Vc was obtained in a stabilized regime.
    [00101] The preliminary synchronization of the vibratory signal so detailed in step (S4) allows a spectrogram to be formed comprising horizontal lines as shown on curve 4b of figure 4. The signal having been synchronized in relation to the axis rotation regime represented on the curve 4c, each spectral line corresponds to a frequency of rotation of the synchronized vibrating signal. In the mathematical sense, the rotation frequencies of the Vsync synchronized vibrating signal decompose on the mathematical basis of the orders.
    [00102] Thus, the spectrogram comprises horizontal lines whose amplitude varies during the measurement period P, the amplitude of a line being represented by a gray level, as represented on curve 4b of figure 4.
    [00103] The spectrogram of figure 4b and a spectrogram of the spectral power densities, known to the person skilled in the art under its English designation PSD for Power Spectral Density, the main parameters of the calculation of this spectrogram being the number of points for the Fourier transform. (FFT) and the sliding window cover for FFT, these parameters being known to the person skilled in the art.
    [00104] It is evident that other types of spectrograms could also be obtained, the important thing being that they are ordered according to the N regime of the axis in order to obtain horizontal spectral lines, that is, of constant order.
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 23/38
    15/22 [00105] Preferably, a step of cleaning the noise of the order spectrogram is carried out in order to obtain a spectrogram that comprises only spectral lines relevant for the detection of bearing damage. [00106] After editing the order spectrogram, the latter essentially comprises three types of information:
    [00107] - thin horizontal lines, characteristics of the activity linked to the rotation regime (for example, in the case of an airplane engine: lack of balance, gears, blade passages, bearings), these horizontal lines corresponding to the relevant information;
    [00108] - oblique lines, characteristic of an activity linked to the rotation regimes of the other mechanically independent rotors, this component being particularly important when the rotation regime evolves between a low speed and a high operating speed. The obliquity of the lines is linked to the synchronization of the vibratory signal in relation to the axis rotation regime;
    [00109] - energetic planes corresponding to the modes of the engine structures, a structural mode corresponding, for example, to the natural resonance of a structure, of a crankcase, turbomachinery on its suspensions.
    [00110] The last two types of information correspond to noise that must be eliminated. The present stage aims at the elimination of energy plans (third type of information). For this purpose, the noise elimination algorithm comprises steps that consist of:
    [00111] - go through each vertical line of the spectrogram (along the frequencies) with a sliding window of predetermined size;
    [00112] - identify the structural modes by calculating, for each sliding window, the average value or a percentile of the amplitudes present in the sliding window;
    [00113] - determine the value of the amplitude peaks by subtracting the structural modes in the vertical line of the spectrogram;
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    16/22 [00114] - calculates the relation (value of the amplitude peaks / structural modes) to constitute a new line of the spectrogram of orders devoid of noise; and [00115] - Go to the next vertical line.
    [00116] In reference to the 4d spectrogram of figure 4, a new spectrogram of orders is obtained devoid of noises connected to the power plans; the spectrogram of orders 4d is said to be taken without noise.
    (56) Formation of the current vibratory signature [00117] The time average of the amplitudes of the spectral lines is then calculated (step S6). This step consists of:
    [00118] - run through each horizontal line of the spectrogram of orders, spectrogram having preferably been previously taken without noise;
    [00119] - Calculate the average of the amplitudes along the time axis.
    [00120] The curve 4e of figure 4 represents the average of the amplitudes of the spectral lines according to the orders of the rotation regime; this average of the amplitudes corresponds to the current vibratory signature of the Se motor. It comprises all the characteristic amplitudes of the motor frequencies in the order domain.
    [00121] The time average as performed in the present invention is very advantageous taking into account the preliminary synchronization step (S4) that extended obliquely over the spectrograms, the noise of the regimes connected to the other bearings. As the noise of the regimes and oblique, the calculation of the average of the amplitudes according to the horizontal direction allows to level the noise of the regimes. The latter therefore has a weak and constant amplitude in the current vibratory signature Se. Thus, everything that is not ordered is attenuated by the media effect, which allows highlighting the appearance of ordered phenomena, for example, an inter-axis bearing defect.
    (57) Damage determination [00122] A rate of deviation is calculated between the current vibrating signature of the engine Se, previously calculated, and a healthy vibratory signature of the pre-established engine Ss that comprises all the characteristic amplitudes of the
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    17/22 healthy engine frequencies in the domain of orders. The formation of the healthy vibratory signature Ss of the engine will now be detailed.
    [00123] - Formation of a healthy Ss motor signature [00124] A healthy Ss motor signature is a signature of each healthy motor. This healthy vibratory signature of the motor comprises a plurality of reference parameters, for each vibratory (or acoustic) sensor, for each operational mode (operating ranges), and for each domain (frequency domain, domain of the orders of a regime, etc. .).
    [00125] A benchmark of the healthy vibratory signature Ss consists of the following elements: an average value and a standard deviation, or a median value and an interquartile deviation. These values are evaluated based on the acquisition and analysis of the first flights of that engine, that is, starting from the first current engine signatures. Indeed, the engine is supposed to be free from defects during its first flights. The healthy signature of an Ss engine is used as a reference for the application of the detection process for that engine.
    [00126] The healthy vibratory signature Ss of the motor corresponds to the average of all parameters relevant for the detection of a bearing damage that were measured on the healthy motor. As the healthy vibratory signature Ss is used as a reference to determine the rate of deviation, it is important that this healthy vibratory signature Ss corresponds effectively to a healthy motor and not to a damaged motor. If that were the case, healthy bearings would be considered as damaged and vice versa. For this purpose, a preliminary step is taken to validate the healthy Sd vibratory signature of the engine. [00127] - Validation of the healthy Ss engine vibration signature [00128] To validate the healthy Ss engine vibration signature, a standard Sfam family signature is formed, which is a reference for the healthy behavior of an engine family. This family signature Sfam allows to validate, when forming a healthy vibratory signature Ss of the engine (that is,
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 26/38
    18/22 a signature of each engine), that this healthy vibratory signature Ss is representative of a healthy engine.
    [00129] With reference to figure 7, the family signature Sfam of an engine family is calculated from the individual vibratory signatures of a plurality of engines from the same family, called Sref reference signatures of an engine. The Sfam family signature is evaluated by taking the average of the Sref reference signatures of the family engines (average of the means and average of the variances).
    [00130] Each Sref reference signature of an engine is evaluated by taking the average of the current individual engine signatures (average of the mean and average of the variances) as shown in figure 6. The process of forming the current individual signature for an engine correspondence corresponds to the previous steps S1 to S6 carried out when the first flights of the reference engine
    [00131] Referring to figure 7, to form the Sfam family signature from the Sref reference signatures, it is ensured that the Sref reference signatures are very representative of healthy engine behavior, for example, by eliminating the signatures of extreme Sref reference by the percentile processes, or by applying an all but one type process, known to the person skilled in the art under his English designation leave-one-out cross validation in which for each Sref reference signature of an engine, it is calculated a rate of disagreement of the Sref reference subscription with a temporary Y family subscription formed from all other Sref reference subscriptions of the other engines.
    [00132] Then, it turns out that the family disagreement rate of the reference subscription Sref is not higher than the predetermined disagreement threshold. In other words, it appears that the engine's signature signature is not far removed (in terms of statistical deviation) from the temporary family signature. In case of exceeding the disagreement threshold for a Sref reference subscription, the latter is considered to be invalid.
    [00133] This method is reiterated for all Sref reference signatures and the invalid Sref reference signatures are removed from the set. At
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 27/38
    19/22 remaining individual reference signatures are taken on average to obtain the Sfam family signature from the engine family.
    [00134] The family signature Sfam obtained, a healthy vibratory signature Ss is formed for any new engine from a plurality of current engine vibratory signatures during their first flights. Indeed, it is when your first flights that healthy engine bearings are likely to be healthy. To validate the healthy vibration signature Ss of this engine, it is sufficient to verify that the healthy vibration signature Ss of this engine is not far removed from the family signature Sfam in terms of statistical deviation. Preferably, a new rate of disagreement is calculated for that healthy subscription in relation to the subscription to a family member Sfam.
    [00135] If the comparison of the healthy vibratory signature Ss of the engine in the family signature Sfam reveals a significant deviation, the behavior of the engine analyzed and deemed atypical, a more detailed analysis should allow to identify the origin of this anomaly. In all cases, the healthy vibratory signature Ss of the engine is not validated and rejected. If the healthy signature Ss is validated for the engine, it serves as a reference for the engine damage process.
    [00136] - Calculation of the deviation rate Δ [00137] With reference to figure 5, a deviation rate (curve 5d) is calculated between the current vibrating signature of the engine (curve 5a), previously calculated, and a vibrating signature healthy Ssdo motor (curve 5b), previously validated.
    [00138] Preferably, the deviation rate is calculated regularly (for example, once per flight) in order to follow the evolution of the damage of each of the motor bearings.
    [00139] The comparison of the current vibratory signature with the healthy vibratory signature can be performed in several ways Ss.
    [00140] If the healthy vibratory signature Ss consists only of only a few flights, typically less than a dozen, the variance is not correct at each point in the order domain, and then it is judicious to calculate at a rate of deviation Δα
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 28/38
    20/22 below whose n corresponds to a number of standard deviations below which one does not want to indicate a significant deviation, If it corresponds to the value of the current vibratory signature and Ss corresponds to the value of the healthy vibratory signature.
    Δα = maximum (0, Sc - (Ss + nx variance 1/2 )) [00141] An alternative, when the healthy vibratory signature Ss is sufficiently rich, typically more than a dozen flights, consists of calculating, for each point of the order domain, a beta Δβ deviation rate known to the person skilled in the art under the designation z-score below.
    Δβ = (Sc-Ss) / (variance) 1/2 [00142] In other terms, following the comparison, a Δ deviation rate (alpha or beta) is obtained between the current vibratory signature If it is the healthy vibratory signature Ss that allows to characterize the amplitude of the orders of the data, the orders related to the intrinsic functioning of the engine having been subtracted or leveled by the calculation of the rate of deviation. In other words, the deviation rate Δ represents the disturbance detected in the current vibratory signature Sc.
    [00143] The deviation rate Δ according to the invention is particularly relevant because it takes into account the healthy signature Ss of the engine on which the damage detection is performed. In addition, the healthy signature Ss is calculated by measurement for said engine, the calculated deviation rate is therefore more pertinent than a deviation obtained solely from thresholds as performed in the prior art.
    [00144] Alternatively, the current vibrating signature of the engine If, previously calculated, is directly compared to the family signature Sfam previously described, without calculating the healthy signature of the engine Ss. The family signature Sfam can advantageously be used on a large number of engines which speeds up the detection of wear for the set of said engines, the healthy Ss signature of the engine should not be searched in a database of healthy Ss signatures.
    (S8) Damage identification
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 29/38
    21/22 [00145] There is a database of defect indicators that relate to the theoretical damage of the motor bearing bearings. This basis and in the domain of orders.
    [00146] One can quantify the presence of a bearing damage, and therefore identify this bearing, sweeping, bearing by bearing, bearing component by bearing component, the defect indicators constructed from the characteristic frequencies of this bearing ( component by component).
    [00147] Indeed, the characteristic damage frequencies of a bearing are functions that depend on the geometry of the bearing, the number of rolling elements and the speed of rotation of the axes. Multiples of the characteristic frequency of a damaged bearing can be integer multiples. Thus, damage to a bearing can be represented by a frequency comb (fcar, f2car, f3car, f4car ‘‘ ‘Fncar) which is stored in the database by a defect indicator (represented partially by table 5c).
    [00148] The Δ deviation rate calculated on each of the defect base indicators is compared. For each comb increment, the average comb value is calculated by dividing the sum of the comb amplitudes by the number of comb teeth. The calculation of the maximums for each comb, that is, for rolling during the current flight.
    [00149] Classically, an R ratio is calculated between each peak of the comb's amplitude and the associated amplitude of the deviation rate previously calculated as represented on figure 5e. This ratio R is compared with at least a predetermined damage threshold in order to determine whether the bearing is damaged.
    [00150] For this purpose, the amplitude level for a bearing is defined from an estimated average with different healthy engines and different acquisitions when testing. As for the damage thresholds, they are defined from tests with the damaged bearing or from the experience with damaged bearings similar to those for which the thresholds must be defined.
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 30/38
    22/22 [00151] According to an advantageous arrangement of the invention, the R ratio between a peak amplitude and the defined amplitude level for a healthy bearing is first compared to a low damage threshold. Of course, it can be aimed at comparing the Room ratio to a number of damage thresholds greater than two in order to advantageously refine the degree of bearing damage.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. Damage detection process of at least one bearing bearing supporting at least one rotating axis of a motor in rotation, characterized by the fact that it comprises the steps consisting of:
    a) define (S1) a measurement period P during which the N regime of the axis varies between a low regime and a high regime that is greater than the low regime, said low regime and said high regime belonging to a wide range of regimes up to the maximum regime;
    b) acquire (S2) over the whole of the measurement period P a current vibrating signal (Vc) of a mechanical vibration of engine components;
    c) sampling (S3) the current vibrating signal (Vc) during measurement period P;
    d) synchronize (S4) the vibrating signal sampled in relation to the variations of the N axis regime over the measurement period P;
    e) transform (S5) the sampled and synchronized vibratory signal (Vsync) into a frequency signal to obtain frequency spectral lines ordered according to the axis axis of the N axis, which is a axis rotation regime;
    f) calculate (S6) an average amplitude of the spectral lines in order to obtain a current vibratory signature of the motor (Sc);
    g) calculate (S7) a deviation rate (Δ) between the current vibratory signature (Sc) of the motor and a healthy reference vibratory signature; and
    h) compare (S8) the deviation rate (Δ) with defect indicators from a pre-established database, relating the theoretical damage of at least one bearing of the motor bearings in order to determine the potential damage of at least one bearing of bearing.
    [2]
    2. Process according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the healthy reference vibratory signature is a reference vibratory signature (Ss) of said engine.
    [3]
    3. Process according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the healthy vibratory reference signature (Ss) of the motor is formed by calculating a
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 32/38
    2/3 average of current engine vibratory signatures measured over a given period of the engine's life, notably at the beginning.
    [4]
    4. Process according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the healthy vibratory reference signature (Ss) of the engine was previously validated by comparison with a standard family signature (Sfam) defined for a family of the said engine.
    [5]
    5. Process according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that A standard family signature (Sfam) is formed from healthy reference signatures (Sref) of engines of the same family.
    [6]
    6. Process according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that:
    - a set of healthy reference signatures (Sref) is formed for a plurality of engines from the same family,
    - a family disagreement rate is calculated for each healthy reference subscription (Sref) by measuring a statistical deviation between that healthy reference subscription (Sref) and the other healthy reference subscriptions (Sref) in the set,
    - healthy reference signatures (Sref) are removed from the set, those of healthy reference signatures having a disagreement rate higher than a determined disagreement rate, and
    - the standard family signature (Sfam) is formed from the remaining vibratory reference signatures (Sref).
    [7]
    7. Process according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that:
    - a family disagreement rate is calculated for each healthy reference subscription (Sref) by measuring the statistical deviation between that healthy reference subscription (Sref) and a provisional family subscription (Sref) formed from the other healthy reference subscriptions ( Sref) of the set.
    [8]
    Process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that the process additionally comprises a step consisting of eliminating spectrographic noise (S5) depending on the structural modes
    Petition 870190092019, of 16/09/2019, p. 33/38
    3/3 of the motor, the noise elimination being performed before calculating the average amplitude of the spectral lines (S6).
    [9]
    9. Process according to one of claims 1 and 8, characterized by the fact that the sampled vibrating signal is synchronized in relation to the variations of the N-axis regime over the measurement period P, again sampling the sampled signal with constant frequency in a sampled signal with frequency proportional to the N-axis speed.
    [10]
    10. Process according to one of claims 1 and 9, characterized by the fact that the sampled vibratory signal is synchronized in relation to the variations of the N axis regime over the measurement period P by calculating an angular path curve of the axis in the domain of the orders and projecting the current vibrating signal (Vc) on the said angular path curve to obtain a synchronized current vibrating signal (Vsync).
    [11]
    11. Process according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the reference healthy vibratory signature is a standard family signature (Sfam) defined for a family of the said engine.
    [12]
    12. Process according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that the standard family signature (Sfam) is formed from healthy reference signatures (Sref) of engines from the same family.
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-07-16| B06T| Formal requirements before examination|
    2019-10-22| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2019-11-26| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 03/11/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. (CO) 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 03/11/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR0957801|2009-11-04|
    FR0957801A|FR2952177B1|2009-11-04|2009-11-04|METHOD FOR DETECTING DAMAGE TO AT LEAST ONE BEARING BEARING OF AN ENGINE|
    PCT/EP2010/066737|WO2011054867A1|2009-11-04|2010-11-03|Method for detecting damage in at least one engine roller bearing|
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